۩     منهج المرحلة الثالثة

 

 

ت	إسم الموضوع	عدد الساعات النظري	عدد الساعات العملي
1	تصميم خوارزميات وتقنيات البرمجة	2	2
2	الإحصاء وبحوث العمليات	3	-
3	نظرية المعلومات	2	-
4	الإنترنيت و الإنترانيت	2	-

   مفردات منهج المرحلة الثالثة

 

1- هندسة البرامجيات ( Software Engineering )

The Software Crisis .
Software Concepts :
The Software Life Cycle , The Waterfall Model Of Software Development With Feedback , Other Models Of Software Development (Including Prototyping , Exploratory , Incremental , And Spiral ) , And Capability Maturity Model .
Software Requirements; Formal Requirements ( Structured Analysis , Data – Flow , And Control Flow Diagrams ) , Behavioral Requirements (State Transition Diagrams , State Chart , Decision Table , And Trees ), Object oriented Analysis , And Other Approaches(Data Structure Oriented Methods And Formal Methods ) , And Non – Formal Requirements .
Software Design : The Design Process And Fundamentals , Structured Design (Top-Down , Bottom –Up And Hybrid), Abstraction Of Data And Process , Modularity Data Flow-Oriented Design , Object – Oriented System Design , And Design Of Real- Time Systems .
Software Implementation :
Project Planning (Gantt Charts And PERT Charts), Team Organization And Management, And Testing Strategies ( Unit , Integration , System , Alpha , Beta , And Acceptance ) .
Software Efficiency :
Economics Of Software optimization And Techniques For Speeding Up Programs .
Software Documentation :
Documentation Techniques At Each Stage Of The Software Life Cycle .
Software Quality :
Design , Code , Test And Documentation Quality Assurance Via Formal Technical Reviews (Standards : Portability , Ease Of Use , Maintainability , Extensibility , Security , And Traceability ) . Software Maintenance And Configuration Management & Software Reliability Metrics .

المصادر ( References )

1- Sommerville . "Software Engineering ", Ed. , Addison-Wesley , 1996 .
2- R.Pressman And D.Ince , "Software Engineering – A practitioner's Approach " , European Ed. , Mcgraw Hill , 1997 .
 

2- مترجمات ( Compilers )
 

Introduction :
The need for compilers and assemblers .
Assembly Language Used as Compiler object code :
instruction set and machine code format.
Lexical Analysis :
translation from Character stream to symbol stream .
An Assembler :
Label Table , Backpatching , assembly of individual instructions , and a complete assembler program .
Address Binding :
relocation , multisegment programs , linking , and loading .
Context-Free Grammars :
parse trees , leftmost and rightmost derivations , ambiguous grammars , extended Backus-Naur form , and bottom-up and top-down backtrack parsing .
Predictive parsing :
parse table , non-recursive parsing algorithm , construction of parse table , definition of LL(1) grammars , transformation to LL(1) , recursive descent parsing algorithm , and recursive descent compilation of simple expressions.
Semantic Analysis :
type checking , attribute grammars , optimization , and errors .
Paradigmatic Issues : compiling different language types: imperative , functional , relational , and object – oriented .
 

المصادر ( References )

1- R. Wilhelm . " Compiler Design ", Addison – Wesly , 1995 .
2- V. Aho, R.Sethi, J.D. Ullman , " Complier Principles , Techniqes And Tools " Addison Wesley , 1986 .
3- J.P. Tremblay , P.G. Sorensen , " The Theory And Practice Of Compiter Writing . " , Mcgraw Hill , 1985 .




 

3- رسوم الحاسبات ( Computer Graphics )
 

Introduction :
Display Devices (E.G. , Raster , Vector ) .
Elementary Graphics Figures :
Line And Circle Drawing Algorithms .
Storing Pictures And 2D Transformation :
Writing And Reading Graphics data Files , Pictures Translation , Pictures Rotation , And Pictures Scaling .
the IBM Computers :
IBM pc XT and AT System Graphics , IBM Graphics Modes , And Turbo pascal Graphics Subprograms .
Clipping And Windowing :
Point And Line Clipping , Clipping Algorithms , And Polygon Clipping . Curves :
Polynomial Curves And Spline Curves .
Elementary 3D Graphics :
Introduction , Coordinates System , Transformations , Orthogonal Projection , Multiple Views , Hidden Lines And Surfaces , Shading And Coloring .
Animation Techniques .
Tools for Developing Graphic Software .
 

ملاحظة : إضافة معالجة الصور ويصبح العنوان رسوم الحاسبات معالجة الصور .







المصادر ( References )

1- J.D. Foley , Avan Dametal , "Introduction To Computer Graphic ", Addison – Wesly , 1993 .
2- D. Hearn and M.P. Backer , " Computer Graphics ", Ed. , prentice – Hall ,1994 .

 

4- معمارية الحاسبات ( Computer Architecture )
 

CPU Organization :
A Model CPU Architecture , Instruction Set Design Issues , And Language – Oriented Architectures .
Microprogramming :
Design Of CPU Control Unit , Microprogrammed Vs Hardwired Control , Complexity Of Microprograms , And Firmware .
I / O:
Peripheral Control Strategies .
Direct Memory Access , And I /O Channels .
Memory Management :
Register Windowing , Memory Interleaving , Cache Memory , And Tagged Storage .
Pipeline And Vector Processing :
Instruction Pipelining , Arithmetic Pipelining (Integer And Floating Point Multiplication ), Systolic Arrays , And Vector Processing .
Multiprocessors :
Interprocessor Communication Networks And Methods And Cache Coherence .
Associative Memory :
Content – Addressable Memories , Arithmetic In Memory , applications (DataBase Machines ) .
Non – Von – Neumann Architectures : Dataflow And Graph Reduction .
 

المصادر ( References )

1- David A. Patterson And John L. Hennessy , " Computer Organization And Design " The Hardware / Software Interface . Morgan Kaufmann , 1998 .
2- M.M Maro . " Computer Systems Architecture " , Ed. , Prentice – Hall , 1993 .
 

5- الذكاء الإصطناعي ( Artificial Intelligence )
 

Knowledge Representation :
Proposition And Predicate Logic And Theorem Proving (Resolution ) , Semantic Networks , Production Rules , Frames And Scripts .

Prolog Programming :
Facts , Rules Queries , Recursive Programming , Lists , Arithmetic Expressions , Backtracking And Cuts, Negation As Failure , Simple Examples For Applications .

State Space Search And Problem Reduction :
State Space Search (Depth-First Search , Breadth- First Search , Directed Searches And The A Star ) And Problem Reduction .

Expert Systems :
Function And Structure Of Knowledge-Based Systems , Forward And BackWard Chaining , Handling Uncertainty , User Interfaces (Why, How what If ) , Expert System Shells , An Example Of A Commercial System Shell .
 

المصادر ( References )

1- D. Gabbay ,"Elementary Logics :A Procedural Perspective ", Prentice Hall ,1998 .
2- W.F.Clockssin And C.S. Melish , "Programming In Prolog " , Ed. , Springer – Velag ,1994 .
3- Bratko , "Prolog Programming For Artificial Intelligence " Ed. , Addison – Wesley Publishing Company , 1990 .
4- Elaine Rich , " Artificial Intelligence " , Pub , Mc Graw Hill , 1th Ed. (1988) .




 

6- تصميم خوارزميات وتقنيات البرمجة

Algorithms Design And Programming Techniques
Outlines
* Analyzing Algorithms & Problems
• Problem solving stages
• Worst case & average case behaviors
• Big-O notation
• Examples : Searching Problem

* Sorting
• Insertion sort
• Selection Sort
• Bubble Sort
• Shell Sort
• Quick Sort
* Selection & Adversary Arguments
• Finding max & min
• Finding the second – largest key
*Graph & Digraphs
• Definition & Representation
• A Minimum Spanning Tree Alg.
• A shortest- path Alg.
* String Matching
• The problem of string matching
• A straightforward Solution
• Knuth- Morris-Pratt Alg.
• Boyer- Moore Alg.
* Dynamic Programming
• Matrix Multiplication & Optimal Binary Search Tree .
• Approximate String Matching
* Polynomials
• Evaluating Polynomial fun .
• Fast Fourier Transform & Convolution >
* NP – Complete Problems
• P and NP
• NP- Complete Problem
• Approximate Algorithms

Text :
“ Computer Algorithms : Introduction to Design & Analysis “ 2nd Edition Sara Baase .
 

7- نظرية المعلومات Information Theory

- من إخترعها؟ لماذا هي مهمة ؟ ما هي ؟

- أساسيات نظرية المعلومات
• مقومات الترميز الكفوءة
• رموز طول المتغير
• المتغير العشوائي والإحتماليات

- مقياس محتوى المعلومات
• Entropy
• دالة Entropy الثنائية
• Entropy النسبي وكمية المعلومات

- الحدس والبديهية خلف p log p Formula

- نظرية المعلومات وترميز العصب

-نظرية المعلومات والإتصالات
• سعة المعلومات لقناة (عديمة الضوضاء )
• المعلومات غير المؤكدة
• المعلومات المتوقعة
• الضغط Compression
• نظرية الترميز لقناة بدون ضوضاء
• كيف يجب أن نرى الرمز
• ترميز Huffman
• قنوات الضوضاء
• ترميزات تصحيح الخطأ

- مخطط Shannon

- نموذج الإتصالات الرقمي

- بعض النماذج البسيطة المتقطعة لقناة
 

رجوع